D-Limonene
Aroma Chemical Heart Note CAS 5989-27-5
Fresh, light orange citrus with a clean, sweet peel character and a soft terpene lift. Diffusive, it brings brightness and freshness to citrus accords.
Odor profile
| Note | Heart Note |
| Descriptor 1 | Citrus |
| Descriptor 2 | Fresh |
| Descriptor 3 | Herbal |
| Odor Impact1 | 70 |
| Impact Level | Medium |
| Tenacity1 | 1 h |
| Tenacity2 | 4 h |
1 Source: PerfumersWorld
2 Source: The Good Scents Company
Both tenacity figures are blotter life. The two labs use different evaluation protocols, so the numbers are not directly comparable — read them as two independent readings, not as a contradiction.
Identification
| CAS Number | 5989-27-5 |
| INCI Name | Limonene |
| Category | Aroma Chemical |
| Formula | C10H16 |
| Mol. Weight | 136.23 |
| IUPAC Name | (4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene |
| InChIKey | XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N |
Synonyms
d-1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene, d-p-Mentha-1,8(9)-diene, Limonene d 1-Methyl para iso propenyl-1-cyclohexene, d para Mentha-1,8-diene, d Limonene, Kautschin, Hesperidene, Citrene, Carvene, Cajeputene, D-citrene, (+)-limonene, (+)-(4R)-limonene, (+)-alpha-limonene, (+)-R-limonene, (4R)-(+)-limonene, (R)-(+)-limonene, citrus D-limonene, D limonene (high purity, low odor), D-limonene citreatt, limonene D pure, D-limonene high purity low odor, D-limonene natural, D limonene natural, dextro-limonene natural, D-limonene P&F, limonene R+ SP natural, limonene R+ ST, (+)-p-mentha-1,8-diene, (+)-para-mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-para-mentha-1,8-diene, D-para-mentha-1,8-diene, dextro-para-mentha-1,8-diene, (+)-1,8-para-menthadiene, 1,8 9-p-menthadiene, 1,8 9-para-menthadiene, (R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methyl ethenyl) cyclohexene, limonene dextro redistilled, D-limonene Rectified, dextro-limonene redistilled
Physical and chemical data
| Boiling Point | 176.1 °C |
| Melting Point | -96.9 °C |
| Flash Point | 48.3 °C |
| Density | 0.8411 |
| Refractive Index | 1.473 |
| Vapor Pressure | 1 mmHg at 57 °F ; 5 mmHg at 104.7 °F; 10 mmHg at 128.8 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| LogP | 3.4 |
| Solubility | In water, 13.8 mg/L at 25 °C |
| Appearance | D-limonene is a clear colorless mobile liquid with a pleasant lemon-like odor. (NTP, 1992) |
Regulatory status
IFRA maximum concentrations
| Category | Use | Limit in the finished product |
|---|---|---|
| Category 1 | Lip products, toys | Not restricted |
| Category 2 | Deodorants, antiperspirants | Not restricted |
| Category 3 | Eye products | Not restricted |
| Category 4 | Fine fragrance | Not restricted |
| Category 5A | Body lotion | Not restricted |
| Category 5B | Face cream | Not restricted |
| Category 5C | Hand cream | Not restricted |
| Category 5D | Baby creams, oils | Not restricted |
| Category 6 | Oral care, mouthwash | Not restricted |
| Category 7A | Rinse-off hair products | Not restricted |
| Category 7B | Leave-on hair products | Not restricted |
| Category 8 | Intimate and baby wipes | Not restricted |
| Category 9 | Soap, shampoo, rinse-off | Not restricted |
| Category 10A | Household care, hand contact | Not restricted |
| Category 10B | Aerosol air fresheners | Not restricted |
| Category 11A | Intended skin contact | Not restricted |
| Category 11B | Minimal skin contact | Not restricted |
| Category 12 | No skin contact, candles | Not restricted |
| IFRA Amendment | 29 |
| Restriction Type | Specification |
| Critical Effect | Dermal Sensitization |
| Specification | Oxidation products of Limonene, especially hydroperoxides, have been demonstrated to be potent sensitizers. d-, l- and dl-Limonene and natural products containing substantial amounts of it, should only be used when the level of (hydro)peroxides is kept to the lowest practical level, for instance by adding antioxidants at the time of production. The addition of 0.1% BHT or α-Tocopherol for example |
EU allergen declaration
| Substance | Share |
|---|---|
| Limonene | 100 % |
Substances that must be named in the ingredient list under Annex III of Regulation (EC) 1223/2009, as amended by Regulation (EU) 2023/1545. Where a range was given, the upper bound is shown.
All figures on this page are guide values collected from public reference works and supplier declarations. They differ between batches, origins and qualities. The data sheet of your own supplier is always the authoritative document for the material you actually use.